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Fertilizers For Your Garden.

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Fertilizers For Your Garden.

By: Kane Ashley

Over the years a vast mythology has grown up round the magic of fertilizers. The top gardeners of the pre-war estates had their own secret potions. Today there is feeds that are claimed to be ideal for everything in a garden.

The fact is a lot less thrilling. All nutrient-providing ingredients are required to be reduced to exactly the same simple compounds before the roots are capable of absorbing them. This means the nutrients in a liquid fertilizer containing organic salts can be immediately available to the plant roots, on the other hand the plant foods locked up in a coarsely-ground organic mix may need to wait months before release.

There is not a good or bad here, the required speed of release as well as the ideal balance of nutrients will depend on the soil type, the season and the plant. No single fertilizer can be the very best in all situations.

Every agriculture expert agrees that nitrogen, phosphates and potash needs to be added to the soil. The fertilizers which provide these nutrients are described as either 'organic' or 'inorganic'. Most authorities agree that both kinds do important but rather different jobs.

Organic Fertilizers:
These materials are of animal or vegetable origin. Most of them provide nitrogen, and this organic nitrogen has to be transformed into a simple inorganic form before it can be absorbed by the roots. This breakdown is performed by soil bacteria. It is important to remember that these organisms are not active in cold, acid or waterlogged soils, so the speed of action is determined by the soil condition.

Inorganic Fertilizers:
Some of the fertilizers are minerals removed from the earth - Chilean Nitrate is every bit as natural as Bone Meal. Others are manufactured and have earned the titles of 'synthetic' or 'artificial' fertilizers. Plants are unable to tell the difference between plant foods from natural or synthetic sources - breakdown to the same nutrients occurs before any uptake by the plant.

Inorganics are generally quick-acting, providing plants with a supercharge when used as a top dressing. They are usually cheaper than organics and they have become considerably more popular than the old-time favourites. Just one organic fertilizer, Bone Meal, has kept its place amongst the best-selling plant foods.

Solid fertilizers:
Garden shops display a big selection of solid fertilizers, powders or granules which can be sprinkled on the soil by hand or applied through a fertilizer distributor. Powders are dustier to use than granules but are generally quicker acting. Sticks of concentrated fertilizer for insertion in the soil are also available.

Liquid fertilizers:
Liquid feeding means applying fertilizer diluted with water around the plants. In the beginning it began with soaking bags of manure in a barrel of water, bottles of concentrated liquid fertilizer then became popular and in recent years soluble powders have taken pride of place. All are applied through a watering can or hose-end diluter.

Straight fertilizers:
A straight fertilizer is based on one active ingredient. It nearly always contains only one major plant nutrient, although a handful (e.g Bone Meal) contain a tiny quantity of another one.

Compound fertilizers:
A compound fertilizer is based on a mixture of active components. It nearly always consists of all three major plant nutrients, although a few contain only nitrogen and phosphates.

Foliar fertilizers:
Several foliar feeds are solid, either as leaf-feeding fertilizers or mixed with pesticides as multipurpose products. When sprayed onto leaves the nutrients enter the sap-stream within in a few hours, even where root action is restricted by poor soil conditions. A useful technique especially for Roses and sick plants. For optimum effect make sure sufficient leaf growth is present and spray in the evening when rain is not forecast.

Steady release fertilizers:
Many popular compound fertilizers contain both quick and straightforward slow-releasing sources of nutrients, so feeding goes on for some time. A real steady-release fertilizer, however, is a complex chemical which provides a prolonged supply of nutrients as it breaks down in the soil or as the outer coating dissolves. One of the best known example is Urea-formaldehyde.

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